Leadership Style Essay

Effective leadership is contingent on matching a leader’s style to a setting that fits (Northouse, 2007). According to Fiedler’s Contingency Theory, leadership styles are operationalized primarily on two ends of a spectrum, they are characterized as task motivated, or relationship motivated (Northouse, 2007). I believe in the adage that practice makes perfect. In this paper, I will look into an alternative way for leaders to lead when they find themselves situated in an unfavorable situation. In the case of leadership; an administrator, manager, or supervisor should use a reflective mindful praxis to improve their ability to make decisions that will achieve optimal outcomes from the organizations they lead in all situations, especially unfavorable ones. Fiedler’s research demonstrates, in essence, if you don’t fit the team mold, you are unfit to lead the team. The contingency model asserts that leadership styles can be gauged by the Least Preferred Coworker (LPC) scale. This model posits leadership styles on a spectrum ranging from task motivated, low LPC, or relationship motivated, high LPC. The contingency aspect ties the leadership styles to situational variables of the organization. The situational variables include leader-member relations, task structure and positional power (Northouse, 2007). Leader-member relations are characterized as good or poor depending on feelings found in the group atmosphere, relationships and trust. Although there is no scale for the task structure, the situational variable in the model, there is a clear definition of the term. The variable is operationalized by high structure and low structure. Position power is characterized by the authority a leader has to deliver the proverbial carrot or the stick, i. e. rewards and punishments (Northouse, 2007). Fiedler has an understanding of why leaders in the wrong setting are ineffective (Northouse, 2007). The correlation between the leader’s LPC score and the group or organization’s performance depended (or was contingent) on the degree to which the leadership situation was â€Å"favorable†(Fiedler, 1995). A leader in an uncomfortable and unfitting situation experiences stress and anxiety (Northouse, 2007). A leader under stress is likely to exhibit inappropriate behaviors and revert to less mature ways of coping that were learned in early development (Northouse, 2007). The leader’s less appropriate behaviors and decisions result in negative work outcomes (Northouse, 2007). This may be true in most situations; however, with our proposed alternative model, the M Model (M2), leaders can be taught how to transform their leadership style so that it transforms poor situations into good situations with successful outcomes. Hackman and Wagemann (2007) believe it is essential that we understand how to help leaders learn. Leaders can become even more effective if they are able to learn from their experience, both successes and failures without assigning cause to something or someone out of their control (Hackman and Wagemann, 2007). The M2 posits a leader learning strategy grounded in metacognition and mindfulness. Cognitive psychologists use the term metacognition to describe our ability to assess our own skills, knowledge, or learning (Lang, 2012). Chew describes metacognition as a person’s awareness of his or her own level of knowledge and thought processes (Lang, 2012). As stated by Kruger and Dunning, â€Å"those with limited knowledge in a domain suffer a dual burden: Not only do they reach mistaken conclusions and make regrettable errors, but their incompetence robs them of the ability to realize it† (Krugger, Dunning, 1999). The M2 way is to practice metacognition as it relates to leadership skills and behaviors. M2 practitioners develop a practical understanding of their leadership abilities in various settings and they use their metacognitive awareness to improve their leadership skills in various situations. The other half of the M2 way is for the leader to be fully aware of their actions and the likely outcomes. This strategy is met by improving one’s mindfulness. Put simply, mindfulness practice is being aware of what is, what is happening now in the present moment (Bing, 2012). Goldman (2010) uses a definition of mindfulness from Rinchen in 2001. Rinchen’s definition of mindfulness situated in the leadership context is: â€Å"ridding ourselves of negative mental states and fostering and developing constructive ones† (Goldman, 2010). Mindfulness has shown to be effective in improving one’s performance in stressful situations (Kabat-Zinn, 1990). Therefore, the M2 strategy is to teach the leader to be aware of their actions in the moment and this is accomplished vis a vis a practice of mindfulness. We postulate this mindful awareness will allow the M2 leader to make better choices in whatever situation they find themselves in. The keystone of the M Model (M2) is reflective leadership praxis. Praxis is the practice of an art or craft, such as leading (Bing Dictionary, 2012). Through reflection leaders analyze various leadership concepts, evaluate their experiences, and develop their personal leadership theory (Astin, 2000). Reflection provides leaders with the opportunity to examine and question and develop beliefs and values. It involves observation, questioning, and putting facts, ideas, and experiences together to construct new meaning and wisdom (UNK). Yukl (2008) finds that effective leaders are flexible and adaptive. We expect the M2 method combining metacognition, mindfulness and reflective practice will develop effective leaders. The proper place to begin is often at the beginning. The M2 solution posits that the leader must not only know themselves, but also their organization. With that knowledge of themselves and their organization applied to the contingency theory we can propose a solution to Fiedler’s catch 22 that a leader in a poor situation is doomed. The M2 solution begins at the point when a leader finds herself in a poor situation. The M2 leader knows her strengths, LPC score and other relevant situational and organizational information. She is taught to assess the organization thoroughly based on the situational variables. The assessment leads to the realization she is in the wrong situation and with M2 skills this discovery is made sooner than later. Knowing she is in the wrong situation the leader can take action to alleviate the stress that, Fiedler suggested, leads to poor decision making. Upon realizing she is in the poor and stressed situation the M2 leader will apply her reflective leadership practices for optimal outcomes. This is a set of practices that include development of the weekly or daily habit of reflecting upon actions taken and the results of those actions. The reflection will include a commitment to ongoing and summative written reflection and regular discussion with their M2 coach (Mabry, 1998). This reflection will lead the M2 leader to be more aware of her actions in the moment. This awareness will allow for a clearer understanding of a predictable result. Awareness in the moment will allow the M2 leader to choose a more appropriate action for the situation. This fits with the situational approached developed by Hersey and Blanchard. The premise of situational leadership is that an effective leader will be flexible and adapt to the situation (Northouse, 2007). The M2 hypothesizes that reflective praxis and mindful action will lead to improved organizational outcomes. Although Fiedler’s contingency theory has not always been collaborated by other research, it works. Our preliminary analysis predicts that the reflective leadership praxis of M2 will enhance the skills of the leader that finds herself in a favorable or unfavorable situation. The M2 practitioner in an unfavorable situation will not suffer the consequences of stress related poor decision-making. The M2 practitioner will be able to make choices that result in optimal outcomes not only for the organization but also for the people she leads.

Love vs. Sex

Many people pair love along side of sex, thinking the two go hand in hand, when in reality, they don’t. Sex is an action out of lust, the fact that people can have casual hook ups, with no attachments illustrates this. Love is a deep emotion between two people, this leads to commitment, usually marriage, and sex, but a different kind, one that is purely an act of love. By combining the two in a literary work, it detracts from the aesthetic quality of it, undermining the message behind the poem, making it no longer about love, but lust.The poem â€Å"To His Coy Mistress† is a perfect example of how placing love and sex together in a poem takes away from the work, leaving the reader less impacted by the poem as a whole. Love is an amazing emotion, something that no one can quite understand, and that never changes. Love has always been a large part of the human culture, something that will always be relevant, even in years to come. The need to be someone’s â€Å"on e and only†, what they live for from day to day, to have someone care about you that much is priceless.It is the need to be desired, and taken care of, that drives people to find love. You find someone with common interests, and you talk, you go out on a few dates, and then it happens– you begin to fall for that person, completely in love. Love leads to commitment, and then marriage, something that is so sacred, you promise to â€Å"love and cherish† that one person â€Å"’til death do you part†, never leaving their side, hurting when they hurt, joyous when they are joyous.An example of this from â€Å"To His Coy Mistress† is found in the beginning of the poem, â€Å"for, Lady you deserve this state, nor would I love at lower rate†, this is stated after the narrator tells a young lady about how beautiful, and wonderful she is, trying to sweep her away with loving words, attempting to make her fall in love with him. Once you have this s ort of love, you can link sex with it, but only then. Sex is an act of love that has been reserved for a husband and wife, the marriage bed, this act of sex is not of lust, but out of pure feeling and trust for the other person.By you giving your body to someone, you are showing them that you are also giving them your heart, proving your love to them, in the greatest way possible. Without love, sex is nothing but an action, being caught up in the moment, taking advantage of an opportunity that has been placed before you. In the next stanza of â€Å"To His Coy Mistress†, Marvell states this â€Å"that long preserved virginity, and your quaint honor turn to dust, and into ashes all my lust. † Here, the narrator revels his true intentions, seeking only a one night stand, persuading the young lady to seize the opportunity, and spend the night with him.Sex is thought of so casually now a days, hardly having any meaning behind it anymore, with that being said, you can have s ex with anyone you choose to, obviously having no romantic emotions for the other person. Hooking up with someone after a night at the bar cannot be compared to the interaction between people who have been together for years, working on building their relationship and an emotional connection. To be able to take something so pure and sacred and make it apart of an interaction with a stranger takes away from the meaning of love and sex, you can no longer pair the two together.For an author to link sex and love together in a poem, story, or essay is undermining the meaning and value of love, and the role it plays in sex. Marvell begins the poem wooing the young lady, â€Å"an hundred years should go to praise, thine eyes, and on thy forehead gaze, two hundred to adore each breast, but thirty thousand to the rest† such romantic words that hint at love. Then the idea of love is washed away with lines like â€Å"the grave’s a fine and private place, but none, I think, do th ere embrace†, making the narrator’s true intentions of sex known.By mixing love, and sex together, the poem’s meaning loses its impact, no longer being romantic, but only a well planned pick up line. â€Å"Let us roll all our strength, and all our sweetness, up into one ball and tear our pleasure with rough strife, thorough the iron gates of life† solidifies the narrator’s true intentions, separating love from sex. â€Å"To His Coy Mistress† clearly shows that love and sex cannot be linked together in literary works without undermining the principle of love and taking away from the message the author is trying to convey.

Moholy-Nagy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Moholy-Nagy - Essay Example Moholy Nagy suggests that the only solution to deal with the nature of the contemporary economy is to innovate and design equipment that can produce large volumes of a particular type of homogenous product that can satisfy the needs of the people. Historically, the house representing the economy was not so complicated compared to today’s economy. The current economy is comprised of rising demand which means that a particular type of product can be demanded at the same time. This means that production of the same product has to be increased. Moholy-Nagy argues that it is not enough to improve the form of product but how the product is produced as a means of contributing to the performance of the entire economy. His contributions have influenced significant changes in the world of typography and design during the contemporary period. The current economy demands that we move towards mass production of the products that are demanded by the consumers. This has compelled the people to design new â€Å"prototypes† or rather equipment that can be used to produce the demanded products in large quantities. Moholy’s contribution has influenced the design of new technology to manufacture different goods meant to sati sfy the needs of different people. This mechanization has significantly contributed towards the development of the entire economy. This means that the new improvements have also played a pivotal role in improving the welfare of the people. Today, the economy is mainly determined by mechanization and mass production. We need to experiment with things in order to design prototypes that are meant to improve our entire way of life by means of economic production. As we move towards modernism, it is a virtue to harness art and design to come up with the best type of equipment that can enhance economic development. Our current economy demands effective and efficient means of production and this can only be possible through

Warehousing and Inventory Management Master Essay

Warehousing and Inventory Management Master - Essay Example This is of importance in case of an accident, where rescue activities can be conducted easily. The big space is also important in that it provides enough space for the workers to do their work without congestion and hence have a comfortable working condition. Edward A Silver, David F.Pyke (1999) Warehousing spacing and planning are of utmost important as long as the storage of goods is concerned. When there is proper planning and spacing is utilized well then there is maximum and economical utilization of the resources. For the warehousing process to be effective, it should involve an effective and an efficient warehousing process. Here it involves project management that involves use of different personnel to perform different tasks with an aim of attaining a common goal in good warehousing planning. It should bring out the use of a schedule showing the different task to be performed by those responsible, the dates on which the task is to be performed and the cost involved. Edward A Silver, David F.Pyke (1999) There should be a clear layout in which the objectives of the warehouse are clearly laid out. The objective should be the one that is going to minimize the cost of warehousing by reducing the expenses that bring unnecessary cost. The cost reducing methods should not affect the maintenance of the customer maintaining services. It should also involve the economic utilization of the available space although it should not negatively affect the operation efficiency. Also the space should be effectively be utilized in relation to the cost of the labor force, the available space and the cost of the equipment utilized. Edward A Silver, David F.Pyke (1999) The planning and spacing process should define the profile of the products to be stored. It should show the products to be stored and their nature such as storing perishable products in a cool place and storing inflammable products away from an area where there is the presence of fire. Storage space should be considered in that a small warehouse cannot be used in storage a large size then its size. Hartman Sadler (2000) The experts involved in warehousing spacing and planning should look deeply in the layout to be laid down when setting up the warehouse .Physical location should be given a significant attention .For example an ideal warehouse dealing with the goods for import is advisable to be near the custom duty offices while the warehouse dealing with the transport commodity such as vehicle should be near roads. Also to be considered is the climatic zone where some product cannot be stored in other climatic zones that may provide adverse condition such as hot climate is not conducive for storage of the fruits. The items that are received together should be stored together for easy handling. Heavy and bulky items should be stored close to the point of use in order to minimize the cost of handling them since they are heavy to transport as they involve use of a lot of manpower and equipment. Also to be involved is good house keeping method where the accessibility of the product should be maximum. H artman Sadler (2000) After the necessary evaluations have been done, a specific layout should be

How is internationalisation transforming the nature of the Australian Essay

How is internationalisation transforming the nature of the Australian screen industry and what tensions does this create for local content and the representation of national identity - Essay Example Nevertheless, the year 1968 saw the revival of Australian cinema, in a quest to nationalize its content to address local and national interests. Accordingly, by the 1980s, Australian cinema produced respectable and morally cultivated films that fit the interests of the middle class viewers, as well as middle-aged ones (Ryan, 2009; pp. 45). The Australian government had put in place several regulations to ensure that the film content adhered to the preservation of Australian identity, culture, and character. Australian cinema was national in every sense, since it produced images that reflected the everyday life of the Australian people, the challenges they faced and their aspirations (Kindem, 62, 2000). The images in Australian film showed the Australian landscape and resources, while all the actors were of Australian origin, thus, enhancing the localization of Australian cinema. For a long time, Sydney has been the center of film production in Australia as the New South Wales (NSW) became the leading national producer of audio-visual films. This dominance by NSW and Sidney in Australian film production was a result of heavy federal funding and the presence of many institutions for training in cinematography. In spite of this growth in nationalized films, the Australian cinema was in a dilemma because the cultural and goals were in conflict with the goals of global economy. Evidently, the global economy affects each and every sector of the society, thus, the Australian film industry had little choice but to shift towards the goals of the global economy. During the twentieth century, Australia was also struggling with exhibition venues for its content, especially after the disintegration of the European movie production after World War II. Essentially, this is what made the Australian film industry form an alliance with the producers in Hollywood, leading

Fitness Center's System Development Plan Case Study

Fitness Center's System Development Plan - Case Study Example The system will benefit both members and fitness consultants by tracking participation in various fitness activities, such as free weights, volleyball, swimming, stair climbers, and yoga and aerobic classes. It will help the members (customers of the organization) plan fitness programs to meet their particular needs. Not only will the system ensure easy access to information to the customers but it will also provide information regarding general customer preferences, the number of customers and keep track of and predict revenues to the management. The information system will thus enable the Fitness Center in obtaining a competitive edge over other fitness clubs as envisioned by the top management. "The Fitness Centre" will be required to establish a project team to work on the project from beginning till the end. The team will include all stakeholders such as the managers, fitness consultants, customers, systems development specialists and support personnel. The development team will be responsible for determining the objectives of the information system and delivering a system that meets these objectives to the organization. Systems Analyst - A systems analyst is a professional who specializes in analyzing and designing business systems and is responsible for designing and developing an information system. Systems Analyst serves as a bridge or link between the technical and non-technical staff, conveying and explaining the requirements of one party to the other and vice versa. Software builder and programmers - Professionals who will write the coding for the actual software Technical specialists and the support staff: Network engineers - responsible for installing and maintaining local area networks Data warehousing specialists - for developing and designing enterprise-wide applications for data mining Database administrators - administration and control of data and information resources Data communications specialists - they will be responsible for evaluation, installation, and monitoring data communications equipment and software. All the above mentioned groups should be grouped into teams each having a team leader and all the team leaders will be made responsible to the project manager. The project manager is tasked with the responsibility of planning, controlling, staffing scheduling and organizing the whole project. 2. Plan a. Outline the considerations for systems investigation, based on input and output information sources. The basic consideration for systems investigation is that the research should be based on substantive theoretical and methodological grounds. There are two main phases in systems investigation (each with two aspects): Investigation & Analysis Recording & Presentation Important

Final essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Final - Essay Example Having a permit to carry loaded guns to these places is beside the point. Amusement and leisure parks are intended for family bonding time where young children are present. â€Å"National parks are rare treasures. They offer havens of solitude and sanctuary. They are not meant to be places for the next shootout at the OK Corral,† Ms. Ditmer had emphasized in her article. It exposes young children to unnecessary danger. I am sure every one of us has a little kid we know, a son, a daughter, a niece or a nephew or even a grandkid who is exposed to this mindless danger. What if an untoward accident will happen and hit one of these innocent children who had come to expect enjoyment there? It would be a real heartbreaker no matter whose kid it is, right? Ms. Ditmer is also accurate and perfectly correct in her assumption that carrying guns will inevitably lead to their use, eventually. It simply defies logic how our Congress can make dangerous situations even worse by being blind and deaf to the opinion of the majority of citizens who oppose guns. This situation can be compared to smoking in public places where there are people who are adversely affected. While people have the right to bear arms (for whatever they want to do with all those guns), our politicians must consider the greater majority who hate guns. There must be designated places where guns are allowed but certainly not in amusement parks where there are children around. People have the right to feel safe too and guns in public places are not a very reassuring sight to anyone. Ms. Ditmer reiterated her strong opposition by stating, â€Å"That’s not reassuring to those of us law-abiding citizens who view guns as possible disasters.† Guns can go off accidentally, for example, and hit someone unintentionally. Ms. Ditmer also knows whereof she speaks by citing FBI statistics showing only 1.65 cases per 100,000 as against 462 cases in other places. What more will it take for people to heed this appeal

Locke on the Relationship Between Government and Religion Essay

Locke on the Relationship Between Government and Religion - Essay Example The right to freedom, therefore, implies that the will of others does not bind a person. However, he is also quick to acknowledge the existence of God and believes that "God has given us a moral obligation to adhere to divine laws. These laws are written on every persons hearts" (Galenkamp,2012,p.92). Locke believes that the State has no right to impose any religion on their citizens. He writes that every person has rights such as a right to life, a right to free will and a right to the estate. Thus, the country has no freedom to take away any of those rights from an individual only because the person does not agree to the kind of religion recommended by the State. The society can confront a person when his religion causes chaos to others. "Only when someones religious commitment constitutes a direct threat to the public peace and order, civil authorities may legitimately restrict religious freedoms" (Galenkamp,2012,p.92). Lockes view of toleration is both useful and ethical because it appreciates and embraces differences. It is also useful because, it states that the State has a right to intrude if someones religious belief disrupts peace. It is also ethical in that he believes an individual has the freedom of choice. He also believes in the existence of God, who according to him has deposited the ability to make right or wrong decisions. He believes that God has set the standards for us and in us. A person does not necessarily need the laws to be written somewhere for them to follow. God already deposits them in our hearts. The right following to this promptings will ensure that a persons conduct is safe and does not infringe on others. Such "promptings" are the same ones that ethics applies. As Locke states in his "A Letter Concerning Tolerance", society has a right to say no to some communities whose beliefs tamper with others rights. Any religion that disrupts the peace of a country and causes chaos, killings or havoc should be stopped. For example, a

Importance of Book of Romans to the History of the Church Essay Example for Free

Importance of Book of Romans to the History of the Church Essay The Book of Romans is the one of the Letters in the New Testament of the Christian Bible.The Writing is   simply reffered as the Romans and is currently one of the undisputed work of Paul.The book has been described as a masterpiece which overwhelms the reader by the sublimity and the density of the topic which are discussed,the justification of the gospel and the revealing of the uprightness and the grace of God to all the people ,both Jews and the Gentiles. The book is a letter which is written in a Greek first century traditional letter writing style. During this time the writers started by identifying themselves and then names of the person they were sending the letter and then followed by the greetings. The letters usually closed with the final greeting and blessings. The book of Romans followed the same style (Barth, K 1968) There existed a group of believers in Rome who trusted in Jesus as Messiah long before Paul had planned to visit this town. There was a conflict between the Christian Jews and the new group up to the point that the Roman Emperor expelled them from Rome. More often there was a disagreement between the Jews and the gentiles concerning what made one an acceptable person to God and the way the followers of the Christ should conduct their lives. Having noticed the differences that characterized the church in Rome Paul decided to shed some light as far as the differences were concerned. There were people who were going from door to door teaching doctrines which were confusing and misleading to the faithful. There are some who were saying that for one to be accepted in the kingdom of God one has to refrain from eating particular kind of food and had to strictly follow the Law of Moses. These are issues that the book of Romans aimed at addressing so that this confusion that existed in the church can be cleared. Therefore to the church in Rome the book was basically a tool of reference as far as what was expected of them was concerned. One of the reasons for Paul writing this book was to answer some of the question that emerged between the two groups. He boldly put it out in the book that the word of God was for all whether Gentiles or Jews. (Moo, D1996) The book of Roman is basically a treatise which is addressed to the church in Rome where Paul was introducing himself before he made his visit. Justification of the faith was the central theme for his letter. He was delivering the message that it is only through salvation that a man can have a good relationship with God. Anything else did not matter. What was expected from every Christian whether Jews or Gentiles was the faith in God and through this salvation will be achieved. He explained that the Mosaic Law was not enough to make the Christian righteous. This works serves as an eye opener to the early church as some of the issues that were controversial at this time were clearly explained by Paul. The differences that threatened to tear apart the church were tackled in this writing. To the Jewish Christians Paul explained that God had not completely broken his promise with them but he was working towards redemption of all the people in the universe.   For a long time Paul was planning to visit Rome but he was hindered from making such a move. Now he was determined to do it, he wanted to greet them and introduce himself before he made that journey. This visit was very important to him and the church in Rome as both were anxious. Paul was not sure how he was going to be received in this city and the some people there had criticized him before as they did not think he can be the leader of the church which was led by the Gentiles. The book of Romans serves as the assurance to the church in Rome that they are accepted in the kingdom of God like any other group despite them being Gentiles. Therefore Paul was mainly writing this book to assure this group that they also had a right and a share in the kingdom of God. He assures them that Jesus died for all regardless of their status. The most important thing for any Christian was repentance and acceptance of Jesus Christ and leading a holy life. (Moo, D1996) Paul believed that the culture of Romans was very important as far as the church was concerned. It was the most powerful empire in the world and was located in the middle of the world at the time of Paul evangelism. This fact made the Church of Rome very important to the world at large. He understood the great effect this church would have on the rest of the world especially the so called civilized world of that time. He clearly saw the need of systematic and full presentation of the good news in this city. The people in Rome were looking forward to Paul visit in Rome as it would serve a great role as far as their church was concerned. This visit was taken as a formal recognition that a church that was led by the Gentiles. They had for a long time wondered how he can be an apostle of the church yet he fail to visit their church in Rome. This gave the church leaders an opportunity to gauge and judge his courage and honesty as far as the church was concerned. The book of Romans clearly explains the doctrines of the Christian faith. Paul in this book defended the gospel from those people who were claiming that salvation was for a chosen group. The church in Rome was to serve as a pillar where the Christianity would be spread to other regions in the world. The book clearly assures that the Roman church was as legitimate as the other despite the fact that it was led by gentiles. This served as a boost to this church as Paul was taken as the messenger of God and he was presenting the God word to the people who had chosen to follow Christ yet the society was not keen to respect them. Paul addresses them as his brethrens a clear indication that he had accepted them as one of them and they were on the right track as far as faith was concerned. (Moo, D 2002) The book of Romans had a great impact on the early church and the western civilization at large.Scholars has argued that the book is the most influential in Christian history. It is in this book that Paul gives a detailed exposition of the word of God. It is the most fundamental and systematic discussion as far as the whole plan of salvation is concerned. To the Romans the book touched on what they were supposed to do so that they can be saved. This applies to all the Christians and was largely quoted by the protestant reformers as they assured the faithful that the kingdom of god was reserved for all those who had faith in Him and they did not need the blessing of any man on earth for them to be allowed access into this Kingdom. The book was universal in application despite the fact that it was directed to the Church in Rome. (Moo, D1996) The book of Romans had greatly influenced many people in the history of the church. The prominent theologians like Martin Luther had studied the book making them aware of what God expected from them. Martin Luther found the teaching of salvation by the grace clear and he used it to spearhead the reforms in the church where he assured the faithful that it was through faith and grace alone that they were to be saved not from paying indulgences and other kind of injustices that existed in the church during the middle ages. (Dillenberger, J 1961) The protestant reformation was basically a recovery of the right and pure gospel which resulted in the increased gospel spread to the different parts of the world. It was a revival of the Apostle’s Paul work where he made a journey to various parts of the world taking the good news. Through studying the book of Romans Martin Luther’s life was completely changed and so is the history of the church. The protestant reformation was as a result of this great theologian reading the book as the teaching was made available to the public. Lives were changed as the message of hope and righteousness was spread far and wide. The book clearly states that there is no Christianity without Jesus, he who comes to know him shall be saved. Martin preached the same message that Paul wrote to the people of Rome and the early church. Martin Luther described the book of Romans as the purest gospel which is worth and every Christian should understand it clearly. He advises the believers not to take the word law in human terms as through doing this they will be confused as the people in the early church and they will be serving the church rather than living according to the will of God. He teaches them that God judges his people according to the heart. His law can not be satisfied by the works but rather on the inner most heart. He got these ideas from reading the work of Paul to the Romans. A book that he describes as full of inspiration to him and his search for the truth .Paul says that all people are sinners in the eyes of God and for us to be saved we have to seek the kingdom of God through following his teachings rather than following the law or the traditions as was the custom with the Christian Jews. If believers accustom themselves to the language described by Paul in the book of Romans Martin Luther says that they will find that there exists a difference between what the traditions of the church prescribe and what God really expects. (Dillenberger, J 1961) Through the inspiration he received from the book of Romans Luther was able to challenge the church. The evils that characterized the church at this time has made him very disturbed and he set out on a mission to discover what can bring him close to God. The message he got was derived from the book of Romans where he realized that it was only through the grace of God that all will be brought close to God. The church was extremely corrupt where things that were going on were contrary to God’s expectation. Through the inspiration he was able to revolutionize the church and brought the light just as Paul shed the light to the people of Rome concerning what God expected from them. Martin Luther described Romans as the main book in the New Testament .His wish is for every Christian to use the book as a guide in our daily lives. As the systems are bound to confuse them as far as their faith is concerned just like it happened during his time when the Roman Catholic Church used the teachings to justify some of the evil things that were happening. The letter of Paul to the Romans would serve as the guide to the church and the believers if they are interested in the righteousness. Luther says that people should be ready to confess Jesus with their mouth and in such a deed they will lead a righteous life as they will always aspire to do what God expects from them. Good deeds alone do not make a man righteous rather he should have faith in God. The book of Romans has been described as the one that changed the course of the church history right from the early church to the protestant reformation. Therefore it is in order to say that this book contains message which are inspirational and can bring a complete change in ones life. It changed the life of the Augustine together with John Wesley people who had led a life that was not pleasant before the eyes of God. They had struggled with the evils ways up to a point when the word was revealed to them changing their lives completely. John Wesley had set out to preach without being converted, after some years of struggling and failing he heard the teaching of Martin Luther describing the book of Romans. Listening to the true words of Luther the man was inspired and he was converted. He went to preach in many corners and has been described in the history of the church to have played a great role in the evangelical work of awakening the believers. (Moo, D 2002) The kind of life that God expects from every person is what has touched many people in the course of the church history. From martin Luther to John Wesley there was realization that God expects us to be righteous before his eyes as Paul maintained in the book. On the same line God’s wrath does not discriminate, it is expressed impartially to all the sinners neither does He discriminate between the Christian Jews and the gentiles. Before Paul sent the letter to the church in Rome the Jews prided to be the privileged people in the eyes of God but this notion was clearly explained by the book that set out to put the facts straight. On the same line the book of Romans came to be used in the protestant Reformation showing clearly that no one was too holy before the eyes of God to help in pardoning of the sins. Only God had the power to forgive the sins. The book as described by Luther addressed the issue clearly stating that no amount of payment towards indulgences was enough to forgive ones sins. (Moo, D1996) The book of Romans influence to the church has been enormous right from the time Paul wrote the letter to clear the differences that existed in the Church of Rome. It is as a result of that explanation that the Gentiles faith was strengthened after understanding what God stood for as far as righteousness was concerned. The book deals with the issues of sin, progressive sanctification, practical service and the gracious salvation issues that could have divided the church in Rome as Christian Jews and the Gentiles had different views regarding these issues. The book addresses God great plan for saving mankind by his grace. It clearly states that it is only through the grace of God that all those who believe in Him shall acquire this salvation. The book has been described as the comprehensive statement of faith and Christianity as a whole. It has been used by many believers to show what is expected of us and the church in general. The basis of the Christian faith is based on this book and this explains why the book has in many cases changed the course of the church history especially when some people are out to mislead the believers in the matter of faith. Martin Luther used the book to show how the church had turned to be evil and led a revolution that came to bring openness in the church allowing people to read the word for themselves. (Hodge, C 1994) The book of Romans importance to the Christian faith can not be underestimated; it has been relied on several occasions to shed light where misunderstandings have existed. The book has shaped the church making more responsive to the needs of a believer, trying as much as possible to reconcile the two issues of law and righteousness. The strong foundation of the Christian faith is found in this letter of Saint Paul to the people of Rome. Reference Dillenberger, J (1961) Martin Luther: Selections from His Writings, New York, Doubleday and CO Moo, D(1996)The Epistle to the Romans. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company Moo, D (2002) Encountering the Book of Romans: A Theological Exposition, Michigan, Baker Academic Barth, K (1968) The Epistle to the Romans. Oxford University Press, 1968. Hodge, C(1994) Commentary on Epistle to the Romans. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company

White people Essay Example for Free

White people Essay ?Introduction: In this essay I am going to compose a piece of text which will involve the tension of Segregation. In the 1930s, although 50% of the population of Southern towns were black, they had no vote and could not marry whites. Also in the 1930’s, many black people lived in the southern states. During that time, racism reached its highest point. For instance, the whites treated the blacks very poorly because they thought that the blacks were lower than them. Therefore, the blacks had to fight for the right to be treated equally. As a result, black people had to face the Jim Crow Laws and the Ku Klux Klan. In my own opinion I think that the 1930 was a turbulent time for race relations in America. Paragraph 1: The first racism incident that I have spotted out and chosen to write about in my essay is when the Wallace’s’ poured kerosene over Mr Berry and his nephews and lit them on fire. One of the nephews died, the other one is alive but has the same condition as Mr Berry. The reason why the Wallace’s poured kerosene over the Berry’s was because they caught them flirting with a white woman which wasn’t allowed back then. In fact, it was not even true! The Berry’s didn’t even flirt with her. They lied about it. The quote that goes with this event was when mama (Cassies’ mum) said to her kids, â€Å"The Wallaces did that, children. They poured kerosene over Mr Berry and his nephews and lit them afire. † â€Å"Everyone knows they did it, and the Wallaces even laugh about it, but nothing was ever done. † At this right moment I feel disgusted and baffled that people could actually do this in the 1930s. The sympathy for the Wallace’s has decreased because setting fire to someone is arson and that makes Mr Wallace and his clique an arsonist. Also it makes us feel that the Wallaces are black-hearted and atrocious people, because who would want to set a person on fire? Then laugh about it. The sympathy for the Berrys has definitely increased because of what happened to both Mr Berry and his two nephews is utterly excruciating and the fact that there is no reason behind why the Wallaces did it, makes the reader feel more sorrowful for them. On the other hand in the book it says, â€Å"Disfigured man lying in the darkness† In that quote you can see how dreadful his injuries were. He was even camouflaging with the darkness; see that is real bad? Paragraph 2: The second racism incident that I found very crucial was when Cassie bumped into Lillian Jean Simms by accident but Lillian Jean still DEMANDED for a sorry and for Cassie to get on her knees instantly. As well as this was racism, it was also bullying in some kind of way because Cassie didn’t want to get on her Knees but she still got forced. â€Å"Kicking at the sidewalk, my head bowed. It was then that I bumped into Lillian Jean Simms. † Cassie really didn’t mean to bump into Lillian Jean at all but she took it over the top reacted to the bump by saying, â€Å"why don’t you watch were you’re going? † â€Å"Well apologize† â€Å"That ain’t enough. Get down in the road† This right here is what you call racism. Cassie didn’t intend to bump into Lillian Jean, it was just an accident but because Cassie is black they didn’t care at all. Cassie even got pushed around by Mr Simms. Mr Simms was even sticking up for his daughter even though she was in the wrong. Lillian Jeans’ father was saying to Cassie that when Lillian tells you that you should get off the sidewalk, you get off it. The sympathy towards Lillian Jean Simms has totally decreased because what she did was just too dramatic and it was just a ‘bump’. In my opinion Cassie did not have to go on her knees because she didn’t deliberately bump into her; all that should have been done was an apology to Lillian. My sympathy towards Cassie has increased more. The reason why I said this was because she was intimidated and forced to get on her knees even though she had already shed a tear; they didn’t care, they just wanted an apology from her. Conclusion: To sum up I think that Racism is totally unacceptable and utterly inglorious. In this novel I think that Taylor was trying to put across the fact of what the black people had to go through in the 1930s every day of their lives, and how their wouldn’t even be an us our even a peaceful world if racism was still occurring. I also think that Taylor is trying to compare today’s life to the 1930s and too see how much the black people suffered.

Parliamentary Privileges in the Indian Constitution

Parliamentary Privileges in the Indian Constitution The Parliamentary Privileges: (In Reference of Indian Constitution) *Dr S. R. Shukla Introduction: Although any kind of privileges is considered always against the right of equality, yet need of our parliament is a basic one to which a special kind of power is delivered named Parliamentary Privileges. The law making bodies is always being supreme in Society. In ancient time there were religious institutions which made laws for the society and there by religious institution acquired special position in the society and their voices could not be ignored by the4 common flock. They were also adorned with special status, which are called privileges of the institution. But in me dual period conflict grew between political and religious institutions because of new approaches to their new institutions. In order to going on rightly the function of parliament is the same kind of power or privileges is essential. So we can explain that with the development of Parliamentary system of Government the parliamentary privileges also developed. The sources of parliamentary privileges are MAGANA CARTA BILL OF RIGHT and the PITITION OF RIGHT. During 1485 to 1603 the most popular view traces view traces it from the MAQGNUM COCILUM of Normans. It was a meeting of the great nobles and ecclesiastics of the kingdom and somewhat reassembling to the house of lords of modern time. During the period of 1603 to 1901 there ever conflict between the right of parliament and right of monarch. During the same period with the development of parliamentary system responsibility of Government to words the parliament also developed. Interference of monarch has lessened in the working of Government or in other words it was the end of right of monarch who had now become a nominal head. Which provided that the publication of the parliament. That the house had sole and executing jurisdictions to determine the existence and extend of its privileges, that to disputes and that for any court to decide on matters of privilege in consistent with the determination of either house was contrary to the law of parliaments. In Indian the power and privileges of each house its committees and its member are and affect identical two the power and privileges enjoyed by the British house of common saw on 26 Jan, 1950. The basic law is that all citizens including members of parliament are equal before the law ___________________________ *Assist. Prof. (Law), Institute of Law, AISECT- UNIVERSITY.Raisen, Bhopal M.P. because 1 of are, they all are citizens. There is no defense between papers representative and the people in the ordinary course of thing. But they are interested with different capacity through spared privileges when they In Indian the power and privileges of each house its committees perform their duties in parliament. These privileges do not however expect the member from their normal obligation to society. Parliamentary privileges are a particular group of person or some individuals who are elected by the people they represent them and hence. These privileges are restricted them of through these privileges, they discharge their duties kin the legislature for the assembly. These are two types of parliamentary privileges firstly, privileges of the house parliament has power to grand permission to publish to publish to speeches and debates which took place in the parliament. It can give permission to broadcast the proceeding that is going in the parliament. I can give permission to broadcast the proceedings that are going in the parliament. If media and press world publisher or broadcast any proceeding of the parliament without the permission one of the house then house has the power to take action against publisher and the broadcaster. House4 has the right to control and coordinate all the internal proceedings of the house and no outside agency can interfere in the proceedings of the house. A member parliament has right to right to give speech in the house and participate in debate and he will not be insurable to and any court for anything said in the house, provided then he should do or say anything against the dignity of the court. The freedom of speech and expression of any person is limited t parliamentary privi8leges. In parliamentary system of government the executive is accountable t o parliament, so the member of house can scrutinize the functions of the executive by passing difficult question and passing obligation. The house has the power to expel any of its members if he violates any rule for conduct in the house and also has the right to exclude the strangers from it proceedings i.e. the person who is not a member of officer of the house. These by, the house has supreme body regulates as to how its member should behave and what statements should or should not g outside the four wall of the house. The house has the right to regulate its own composition i.e. to fill his casual vacancies to regulate the disputed election within the house, to determine the legal disqualifications of members; the house also has the right to determine the legal disqualification of member. The house also has the right to determine the salary, Allowances and other perquisites of its member’s thought various house committees. Any one committing breach of privileges of the4 house is liable to be punished. It determines that what are parliamentary privileges and whether its breach has been done or not. It can gibe expulsion, suspension or imprisonment to its members or others person against breach of parliamentary privileges. Parliamentary privileges protect its member freedom from the arrest in civil cases up to 40 days before and after the meeting in the house. However member not perfected its member from criminal charges. A member who is imprisonment by orders of court got no special privileges. Member of Parliament has also the right to maintain the secrecy of the parliament and no person or association can publish the speeches of the Member of Parliament without the permission of the parliament. During the time of war every house has the right to call its member secretly to participation a secret or most confidential to check out the future course of the action. The members of parliament has right to vote on any matter, according t their wishes based on their concise but they cannot vote against the party whip. His has been regard as press passes on the personal freedom of the member, but was regarded as necessity to maintain parties discipline. Limits of parliamentary system have been given by the court. Court will not interfere in any matter relating to parliamentary privilege. But parliament is also support to will, also not make privileges by different decision we came to the conclusion that parliament has the to describe reserve its privileges. There is line of balance between parliamentary privileges and power courts. Parliamentary privileges were made by parliament whereas it is described and limits were fixed by court, which is custodian of constitution. If the balance between them is last either parliamentary privileges will turn into ill discipline or they will last their meaning. For the betterment of Democratic institution to work in proper way, the balance should be maintained; the parliamentary Privileges should not be taken for granted by M.P. premises of their special rights. Parliamentary privileges should be described in term of fundamental right Article 19 (1) A, and Article 105 (1), Article 194 (1), provide the right to speech and right to expression but their meaning is different. But it is not such in Article 194 the question arises that what should be regarded as first, freedom of person or parliamentary privileges The point gained momentum in Reddy’s case and the Keshav singh case. We come to the conclusion that house has the right to control its internal machinery and can issue arrest warrant against any person who has made contempt of hourse in case of contempt of house by the outside the court can issue arrest warrant under Article 32 226. There is no point of row in fundamental right and parliamentary privileges cannot be given priority over fundamental right, equilibrium should be maintained between them To describe the parliamentary privileges a committee was setup in Britain 1986, which have certain suggestion for amendment and development of parliament privileges. Committee’s recommendations that the representative should understand the problem of the people, which finally help them in enhancing their subject values. Further it was also thought to grant people right to speak against the house in order to make their representative orders stand them. There should be code of be code of conduct for the member house. Common people should have knowledge about the income and expenditure of member parliament trough the parliament. The only behind parliamentary privileges is that member who represent the people are not n any way obstructed in the discharge of their parliamentary duties and are able to express their views freely and fearlessly inside the house and committee of parliament without incurring any legal action on that account. Privileges of the members of members are intended to facilitate them in doing their work to advance the interest of people. They are not meant to be privileges against the people on against the freedom of press. Recently the National Commission to Review the Working of Constitution: The commission recommended that the time has come to define and delimit privileges to deed to be necessary for the free and independent functioning of the parliament. It should not be necessary to run to the 195’s position in the House of Commons every time. Question arises as to be what King of legal protection or immunity an ember has in relation to order work in the house. The law of immunity of a member under the parliamentary privileges law was tested in 8. P.V.Narsingha Rao v. State. The substance of the charge was that certain members of parliament had conspired to bribe certain other members to vote against the no confident motion in parliament. By the majority decision the court arrived at the conclusion that while bribe – givers who were members of parliament would not claim immunity under Art. 105. The bribe takers also member of parliament could claim such immunity they had actually spoken for voted in the house in manner indicated by the Bribe-givers.8 It is obvious for voted in the house in manner indicated by the Bribe-givers. It is interpretations of the immunity of members of justice fair play and good conduct expected from Member of Parliament. Freedom of speech on side the house cannot be used by them to solicit or to accept bribes, which is an affiance under the criminal law of the country. The decision of the court in the aforesaid can makes it necessary to classify the true intent of the member. It is essential to put it beyond doubt that the protection against legal action Art. 105 do not extend to correct acts. A second issue that was raised in the case concerned the authority contempt to sanction prosecution against a member in respect of an offences involve acceptance of a consideration for speaking and voting in a particular manner or for not voting in either house of parliament. A member of parliament is not appointed by any by any authority. He is elected by his or her constituency by the state assembly and takes his/her seat on taking the oath prescribed by the constitution. While functioning as a member or he/she is subject to the disciplinary the control of the presiding officer in respect of function with on the parliament or in its committees. It would, therefore stand to reason sanction for prosecution should be given by the speaker or the chairman, as the case may be The commission recommends that art105(2) may be amended clarify that the immunity enjoyed by members of parliament under parliamentary privileges does not cover corrupt act committees by them in connection with their duties in the house or otherwise corrupt act’s wood vote in a particular manner for provided that no court will take cognizance of offence arising out of members action in the house without prior sanction of the speaker or the chairman as the case may be Art.194(2) may also be similarly amended in relation to the members of state legislature. The recommendation of the commission seems to me a right step to give new meaning to parliamentary privileges in there changing political and social circumstance. The parliamentary privileges are sine out non for the functioning of the institution dedicated to the people through its representative. The more alive is the house the more living would be its members. They must be in position to rise to voice of the people in most effective manner so that the purpose of creating g the institution known as parliament or legislature may be served effectively. Select bibliography: 1. Constitutional Development in India by M.Ramaswame. 2. Inian Constitutional law (4th ED.) bYM.P. Jain 3. Constitutionof IndiaBy V.N.Shukla. 4. Constitutional of India by jai Narayan Pandey. 5. Our Parliament By shubhash C. kashyap. 6. Constitutional law 16th Ed. By Wade. 7. Constitutional law of India by H.M.Shervai. 8. P.V.Narsingha Rao vs. State (C.B.I./S.P.E) AIR 1998 S.C.2120. 9. Modern political Contitutions by C.V.Strong. 9. Landmark’s in Indian Constitution and National Development by G.M.Singh.

Demos as an Art :: Art Arts Artistic Technology Essays

Demos as an Art A little more than two years ago I came across a very small computer program that amazed me. It was very small as computer programs go, but it did something I have never seen before - it used a mathematical formula to create a stunning moving display, and played music in the background. After a while of looking around I found more of the same type of programs, most created by different people, all of which had a common purpose of presenting the user with computer-generated art - some by mathematical formulae, some by conventional means, but most a combination of the two. Each one had music composed especially for that program. They were all works of art, a new form of art. I found out that to make such a program one had to have some ideas for something to be represented by mathematical expressions, then express them all in a computer program, that was fast enough to do many complex calculations on an average user’s machine. The latter part turned out to be a lot harder than it sounded. As fast as computers are today, they are not fast enough, for there is always something which requires more and more calculations. Many tricks have to be implemented to make a program run the fastest possible, some of them being, ironically, to write it in the â€Å"earlyâ⠂¬  computer languages which dealt more with computer instructions than with the structure of the program itself. Thus the more complex your goal, the simpler means you have to employ to reach it. Because of this it is very hard to create a fast and small program. The ammount of time and effort spent on writing it can be amazingly high. I, myself, spent two days once writing a program that consisted of about 200 â€Å"letters† of computer istructions - a few lines - all generated from a few pages of the program that I wrote, and re-wrote, and re-wrote ... These programs carry an unassuming name: â€Å"demos† , short for â€Å"demonstrations†, but they do so much more than that implies. Most of them push computers to the â€Å"limit†, doing what was earlier thought of as impossible or at least required a super-computer, but most importantly they define a new art form. This special mode of art requires many new and exciting factors, such as musical composition, art merged with science (a seemingly incompatible mixture), excellent computer programming skills, but most important - teamwork.

Hiroshima :: essays research papers

The first most powerful bomb, which is called the atom bomb, was dropped on August 6 , 1945. In a city located in Japan, called Hiroshima. With these facts and the information i've read from this one book called "Hiroshima" I have a very strong opinion which I will speak of now. I think that the atomic bomb which was dropped on Hiroshima was a petty, childish way of trying to win a war. It was inhuman, so horrible that anyone whom lived through it, would most likely be traumatized for the rest of their living lives. I don't think what the Americans did was very right at all. If they wanted a war, not that war is a way to solve anything, then they should have fought the old fashioned way. Rather than ruining so many peoples lives. Atomic bombs are not something that should even be in existence, but they are. There's really nothing we can do about them, because of the more powerful people in this world. They find this extraordinary weapons to be their only defense. But I think it's pathetic. They go off an kill so many people, and wounded the rest. They brought many cities to destruction and cost them millions of dollars to rebuild. You just can't toy with peoples lives like that. I think it should be illegal. If they wanted to harm certain people, then fight it out with them. Don't kill innocent peoples lives. If they knew the enormous danger and effects of this new bomb, then they shouldn't have done it. Perhaps they could have found a different way to finish this all.Critical Appraisal- "Z for Zachariah" and "Hiroshima"In my personal opinion "Z for Zachariah" could have been a bit more accurate in which ways they made the radiation affect people. First off, in "Hiroshima", which was a true story, not all the people died from the radiation, yes they got very ill from it. Such as fevers, vomiting, hair loss, white blood count going up and down, etc. But most of them died from all the wounds from the bomb. And the radiation didn't kill and poison all the things within the bomb as it did in "Z". "Hiroshima" had alot more telling about how the radiation effect the people physically than "Z" did. They were pretty close to getting the same idea of what happens when people get radiation, but they missed quite a few points.

Coursework Assessment Essay

In Patch Adams, Robin Williams portrays a doctor who strives to â€Å"improve the quality of life. â€Å"The movie is a perfect example of many cases of sacramental awareness and the sacrament of Anointing of the Sick. Patch encounters a â€Å"once-brilliant† man in a psychiatric clinic. Arthur Mendel son helps hunter the first character Patch meets is Arthur Mendel son. Arthur influences Patch’s ability to see through problems. In a Christ-like manner, we must see through and past the problems and look ahead toward the solution Christ died for our sins by looking past the problem. Patch also helps out his roommate, Rudy out. This brings on a revelation for Patch which lets him see through the scientific names of diseases. He learns to treat the person, not the disease. When he agrees to become a doctor, Patch is not only venturing into the field to physically heal people but also more importantly to spiritually heal people. This parallels Anointing of the Sick after meeting his two close friends, Truman and Cairn, Patch desires to reach out and help people, not to bury himself in his books. His friends quickly jump on the bandwagon and help him to carry out his theories. The sacramental awareness of Patch’s roommate is questionable until we find that he is genuinely good in the end. However, Dean Walcott is up until the end a foe of Patch’s. He is concerned with the physical aspect of healing much more than the spiritual aspect of healing. In the old church, Anointing of the Sick was sometimes believed to be physical. The spiritual aspect of healing would later be brought back into effect rightfully. When Patch is treating patients in his clinic, he exhibits great sacramental awareness by simply admitting that we are a community that can help each other. He proclaims that everyone is both a doctor and a patient. Patch also nears the meaning of the sacrament of Anointing of the Sick. He heals people in a beautiful way.

Antigone’s Relations Essay

In the two Antigone plays that we read, Anouilh’s 1940’s modern version and Sophocles’ version, there are many contrasts. Everything from the setting to the message is different, however the relationship between characters is the most striking difference; relationships with Antigone in particular. In Sophocles’ version, the character relations are rather underdeveloped, which is an extreme contrast from the relationships shown in Anouilh’s version of Antigone. The relationships that are the most different between the two plays are Antigone’s relationship with Creon and with Haemon. Antigone’s relationship with Creon in the Sophocles’ version differs greatly from the Anouilh version. The most obvious difference is that in the Anouilh version Creon doesn’t want Antigone to die and tries every way he can to keep her alive. He exhausts just about every argument possible, starting and frequently returning to the similarities between her and her father. He tells her how idiotic her father was and that she would be wise to not make the same mistakes even though she carries the same characteristics that lead Oedipus to his death. Then he switches tactics and half orders her to not be put to death because she has to marry Haemon, and when that doesn’t work, he pulls a pity plea of how much he would like to bury Polynices but simply can’t because of his duties as a king and what it would cost him if he bent to Antigone’s will. None of these arguments work, even when Creon, in a last desperate attempt to sway her, reveals to her how horrible her precious brothers actually are. Really in this version, Creon does care about Antigone; he has nothing to gain from keeping Antigone alive besides that she would marry Haemon, and her sister Ismene is still around to marry him if Antigone is put to death. In contrast, the Sophocles version doesn’t present such a caring- if you could call it that in Anouilh’s- relationship. In this relationship all Creon wants to do is see Antigone put to death. He is unswayed by any argument that his son Haemon throws out there. In this version things are simple. Antigone went against Creon’s edict and buried her brother, so therefore she must be put to death, no ifs ands or buts about it. There is no room for argument or feeling, and no real relationship development. While the relationship between Antigone and Creon in the Sophocles version is very underdeveloped when compared with the Anouilh version, the relationship between Antigone and Haemon is even more so. In the Sophocles story, there is no indication of the great everlasting love between the two that would drive Haemon to kill himself over finding Antigone dead. There is almost no feelings of anger or sadness at her sentence to death until Haemon suddenly flies into a rage at the very end upon seeing Antigone dead and shoves a sword through his body. To Haemon’s credit, he does show a little bit of rebellion when arguing with his father about the outcome of Antigone. He comes through with a little bit of strength after all of the â€Å"oh father, you are so wise† junk, and tells him that maybe he should bend just a little for her for his own benefit. And when Creon doesn’t listen to his advice, he implies with his last words to his father â€Å"†¦ And you will never see my face again†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Sophocles, scene 3, line 133) that he may in fact take his own life. But that’s as far as it goes, and it seems to be more out of anger at his father than of his love for Antigone. In Anouilh’s version of the story, Haemon and Antigone have a much more developed relationship. It’s plainly clear that Haemon loves Antigone and wants to be with her, even if she doesn’t fully understand why he chose her over Ismene. The fact that he did chose her over Ismene shows more than anything else that he does indeed love her. Anouilh’s added scene with Haemon and Antigone develops the relationship so much more and gives one a more believable basis for Haemon killing himself over Antigone. The scene is an intimate look at a couple in love, instead of in the Sophocles version a relationship that seems t o be arranged for convenience at best. The changes in scenes which enhance and develop the relationships of Antigone with Creon and Haemon greatly improve the Anouilh version. Without the added scenes and implications in the scenes, the Sophocles version is rather dry and doesn’t inspire much catharsis. However, in the Anouilh version, the reader is actually made to feel for the characters through their trials and tribulations, and therefore to be angry at Creon for killing her, disbelieving of Antigone for her stubborn pride, and sad for all involved when everyone except for Creon end up dead. So although both versions are supposed to be the same story, the relationship developments are so  contrasting that they are different stories altogether.

American Literature Exam Questions Essay

12. Discuss the characteristic features of the experimental prose in 1960-2000 on chosen examples. Experimental literature refers to written works – often novels or magazines – that place great emphasis on innovations regarding technique and style. Naked Lunch is a novel by William S. Burroughs, a complete American edition(1962). †¢The book is structured as a series of loosely-connected vignettes. Burroughs himself stated that the chapters are intended to be read in any order. The reader follows the narration of junkie William Lee. †¢The manner in which the novel is written the reader to see only part of the picture—as much as he wants to see. It often happens that something mentioned in the book reappears much later producing thus a series of intratextual relationships and echoes. This idea, relating to different perspectives within a larger picture, is itself a theme which runs throughout this book. †¢The novel’s mix of taboo fantasies, peculiar creatures and eccentric personalities all serve to unmask mechanisms and processes of control, and have led to much controversy. †¢By decentralizing the plot Burroughs produces a series of interrelated literal caricatures, satires, and parodies throug hout the novel. A Pynchon-influenced generation of writers in the 1990s, such as David Foster Wallace, who would combine some of the experimental form-play of the 60’s writers with a more emotionally-deflating irony, and a greater tendency towards accessibility and humor. Infinite Jest is a 1996 lengthy and complex work takes place in a semi-parodic future version of North America. The novel touches on the topics of tennis, substance addiction and recovery programs, depression, child abuse, family relationships, advertising and popular entertainment, film theory, and Quebec separatism. †¢There are frequent references to endnotes throughout the novel. In an interview with Charlie Rose, Wallace characterized their use as a method of disrupting the linearity of the text while maintaining some sense of narrative cohesion. †¢Acronyms are another signature device in Wallace’s work and are used frequently within the novel. †¢Wallace’s writing voice is a postmodern mixtur e of high- and low-brow linguistic traits. He juxtaposes, often within  a single sentence, colloquialisms and polysyllabic, obscure, or esoteric words. 13. On the example of a chosen text by Henry James, enumerate typical features of psychological realism. A psychological novel, also called psychological realism, is a work of prose fiction which: †¢places more than the usual amount of emphasis on interior characterization, and on the motives, circumstances, and internal action which springs from, and develops, external action. †¢The psychological novel can be called a novel of the â€Å"inner man,† so to say. In some cases, the stream of consciousness technique, as well as interior monologues, may be employed to better illustrate the inner workings of the human mind at work. Flashbacks may also be featured. The Portrait of a Lady is a novel by Henry James (1881). This is the story of a spirited young American woman, Isabel Archer, who â€Å"affronts her destiny† and finds it overwhelming. She inherits a large amount of money and subsequently becomes the victim of Machiavellian scheming by two American expatriates. It also treats in a profound way the themes of personal freedom, responsibility, betrayal, and sexuality. In this novel James had pushed the analysis of human consciousness and motivation to new levels, particularly in such passages as the famous Chapter 42, where Isabel meditates deep into the night about her marriage and the trap she seems to have fallen into. James made an in-depth account of Isabel’s deepest terrors in his preface to the New York Edition of the novel. 14. Characterize the genre of horror on the chosen example of American popular literature of 20th and 21st century. The trait of the genre of horror is that: †¢it provokes a response, emotional, psychological or physical within each individual which causes someone to react with fear. †¢in order for that response to be elicited there are different techniques used, such as unreal figures (phantoms, mummies, etc.), or more real situations and figures  (serial killers, rapists, kidnappers). †¢The main ingredient within horror is that the reader can relate to it somehow and that there’s always something unexpected on its way. The whole horror genre is build up upon people’s fear of the unknown and anxieties. ‘Salem’s Lot is a 1975 horror fiction novel written by Stephen King. Ben Mears, a successful writer who grew up in the town of Jerusalem’s Lot has returned home because of his wife’s death. †¢Ben plans to write a book about the â€Å"Marsten House†, an abandoned mansion that gave him nightmares after a bad experience with it as a child. He unexpectedly finds out that the Marsten House is about to be inhabited by the vampire Kurt Barlow. †¢Over the course of the book, the town is slowly taken over by vampires, reducing it to a ghost town by day as they sleep. †¢Finally, Ben and the other man succeed in destroying the master vampire Barlow, but, lucky to escape with their lives, are forced to leave the town to the crop of newly created vampires. †¢An epilogue has the two returning to the town a year later, intending to renew the battle. Ben, knowing that there are too many hiding places for the town’s vampires, sets some underbrush on fire in an attempt to destroy as many homes as possible thus making the vampires easier to hunt. The Shining is a 1977 horror novel by American author Stephen King. †¢Jack Torrance is trying to rebuild his life accepts a job as a winter caretaker at the large, isolated Overlook Hotel in Colorado where he goes with wife Wendy, and son Danny. †¢Danny’s clairvoyance (jasnowidztwo) makes him sensitive to supernatural forces. †¢The hotel has a personality in its own right, and acts as a psychic lens. Danny has premonitions of the hotel’s danger to his family and begins seeing ghosts and frightening visions from the hotel’s past, but puts up with them in the hope that they are not dangerous in the present. †¢The hotel has difficulty possessing Danny, so it begins to possess Jack. Wendy discovers that they are completely isolated at the Overlook, as Jack has sabotaged the hotel’s snowmobile and smashed the CB radio in the office. She and Jack battle. Hallorann, working at a winter resort in Florida, hears Danny’s psychic call for help and rushes back to the Overlook. The hotel causes Jack to kill himself with the roque  mallet. †¢Finally the boiler explodes, destroying the Overlook. The novel ends with Danny and Wendy summering at a resort in Maine where Hallorann, the head chef, is comforting Danny over the loss of his father. 15. Characterize the genre of sci-fi and/or cyberpunk on the chosen examples of American popular literature of 20th and 21st century. Science fiction is a genre of fiction. It differs from fantasy in that, within the context of the story, its imaginary elements are largely possible within scientifically established or scientifically postulated laws of nature. Science fiction is largely based on writing rationally about alternative possibilities. The settings for science fiction are often contrary to known reality, but the majority of science fiction relies on a considerable degree of suspension of disbelief provided by potential scientific explanations to various fictional elements. These may include: †¢a setting in the future, in alternative timelines, or in an historical past that contradicts known facts of history or the archaeological record †¢a setting in outer space, on other worlds, or involving aliens †¢stories that involve technology or scientific principles that contradict known laws of nature †¢stories that involve discovery or application of new scientific principles, such as time travel or new technology, such as nanotechnology, faster-than-light travel or robots, or of new and different political or social systems EXAMPLES: Dune is a science fiction novel written by Frank Herbert, published in 1965. Dune is frequently cited as the world’s best-selling science fiction novel. Set in the far future among a feudal interstellar empire where planetary fiefdoms (lenna) are controlled by noble houses that owe an allegiance (lojalność, hoÅ‚d) to the Imperial House Corrino, Dune tells the story of young Paul Atreides (the heir apparent to Duke Leto Atreides and the scion of House Atreides) as he and his family accept control of the desert planet Arrakis, the only source of the â€Å"spice† melange, the most important and valuable substance in the universe. The story explores the complex and  multi-layered interactions of politics, religion, ecology, technology, and human emotion, as the forces of the Empire confront each other for control of Arrakis and its â€Å"spice†. Ender’s Game (1985) is a science fiction novel by American author Orson Scott Card. †¢set in Earth’s future,   Ã¢â‚¬ ¢presents an endangered humankind that have barely survived two conflicts with the Formics (an insectoid alien race also known as the â€Å"Buggers†). †¢in preparation for an anticipated third invasion, an international fleet maintains a school to find and train future fleet commanders. The world’s most talented children, including the novel’s protagonist Ender Wiggin, are taken at a very young age to a training center known as the Battle School. There, teachers train them in the arts of war through increasingly difficult games including ones undertaken in zero gravity in the Battle Room where Ender’s tactical genius is revealed. †¢Ender’s â€Å"final exam† consists of a scenario where bugger ships outnumber Ender’s fleet a thousand to one near a planetary mass. Ender orders the use of a special weapon, the Molecular Disruption Device, against the planet itself, destroying the simulated planet and all ships in orbit. Soon he finds out that all the simulations were real battles taking place with real fleets, and that he had killed all the queens on their home planet. He is not allowed to return to Earth because his special skills are too dangerous. Ender is made Governor of the first human colony on a Bugger world, and they leave together on the first colony ship.

High School and Graduation Essay

Graduation is a goal that everyone wants to accomplish in life. Whether it is from daycare, middle school, high school, or college, it’s a major accomplishment. Graduation from high school was something that I always looked forward to. The fact that it took twelve years of grading school to get a diploma made it more exciting and made me more anxious. Graduation also comes with an emotional impact. Especially when you’ve spent half of your life growing and learning to love your fellow classmates. From making best friends in kindergarten, to making pointless enemies in middle school. We never know how big of a deal it is until high school. That is when we realize that it starts the countdown of how many days that we have left with each other. We never really realize how much we will miss everyone and everything until the closer we approach graduation. Cherish every moment! The actual day of graduation contains the most emotion for some and most excitement for others. For me, it was both. I remember the exact feeling of waking up that morning. The smell of a huge breakfast meal aroused me. It was my day. I was beyond anxious and excited. Almost so anxious to the point of an anxiety attack but so excited to the point of a panic attack. Waking up and realizing that this was my first official day of a graduate was so amazing. I was going to college. I was getting the chance to fulfill my dreams. I remember walking into the kitchen and seeing the meal and looking at my momma and crying. I sure was going to miss this. The home cooked meals and family gatherings would be missed the most. After graduation, the summer before my new beginning, was different. I felt like an adult. My parents treated me more like an adult. Going out with friends and staying out late was great. I still remember going to Orientation at Ole Miss. Meeting new people and learning the campus. Not having to worry about high school and going to meet teachers was wonderful. Life was beginning for me! Graduating from high school has changed my life dramatically. I am now a freshman in college and I love it. My first week was amazing, everything was crazy. My legs are still sore as I type this. The University of Mississippi should be named the University of Hills. There are hills galore! It seems as if everything is always busy on campus. People running around like headless chicken. I also enjoy the freedom of college. No curfew is great! As far as family goes, I miss them like crazy! Phone calls from my mother comes in seem to come like every ten minutes. So, as far as graduating goes, it’s a great experience. Comes with many different emotions. Some good emotions and some bad emotions. We realize how much we actually care for your peers. It is always fun and a great learning experience to begin a new chapter in life. I will never forget my graduation day, from beginning to end. Walking across the stage with the biggest Kool-Aid smile, hearing loved ones scream and chant my name, and looking my principal, Mike Martin, in the eyes as he hand me my diploma telling me congratulations. I’ve learned to cherish every moment I spend with my peers. I never knew I’d miss something that I hated doing so much. As I said before, cherish EVERY moment!!

A Description of the Attributes a Presidential Candidate Should Have Essay Example for Free

A Description of the Attributes a Presidential Candidate Should Have Essay ? The American President represents much more than an institution. To people around the world he is representative of their hopes and fears for the future and is the focus of intense feelings and emotions. The voting process represents an extremely significant period in American politics where US citizens vote for their President. Their votes are reflective not only of the candidate they like and respect the most, but are also an indication of the person that they predict will be the most effective once in office. Despite this, their decisions are based on the candidate’s performance prior to, and during, the election process. This performance that may not necessarily be a good indication of their actual ability to run the country; the qualities needed to become a President are very different from those required to be a successful President once in office. This paper will address the attributes that are commonly cited as being necessary for someone to become a President and will dispute a number of these, offering the opinion that they are not necessarily the correct basis on which judgments should be made. The skills and methods by which an elective may become a President are explored and will be compared to those that are actually required and valued once in office. In the United States the absence of a monarchy entails that the President often becomes the object for nationalistic or monarchical type sentiments that people in countries like England would direct at their Queen. The President is undoubtedly the most important figure in the US and holds several roles including Chief Executive, Commander in Chief, Head of the National Party and Chief Legislator. However, like the Queen in England, his supreme court have opposing powers to him and thus limit his ability to carry out some of his roles. Many people recognize one of the most important attributes for a Presidential candidate to be is a good, strong decision maker with a clear vision and direction. Candidates often use the election process to discuss problems that are evident in the way in which the country is currently being run and make willful claims as to how they would do things differently. They swear that they will have the backbone to take decisions that Presidents before them have failed to take. These type of statements appeal to the American public as they provide hope for a better future and an expectation that things will change for the better. The truth, however, is very different. Congressmen have their own electorate, interest groups and opinions on how the country should be run. The President is actually very limited in his ability to command congress to do anything and thus, the implementation of his decisions is actually a very difficult thing to achieve. What is, perhaps, more important than an ability to make decisions is an ability to persuade and influence others. If you ask people if they would vote for someone who uses strong powers of persuasion to sway their vote they would probably say no, they would prefer to vote for some who have a strong direction and vision. They wouldn’t like to feel that clever vocabulary or some type of sales approach has influenced them. No, they prefer to consider themselves people who have made a good decision based on the facts. The truth, however, that they probably were persuaded and swayed during part of the election process. This is not such a bad thing. The ability to persuade others is crucial to a successful President as he needs to be capable, through whatever means necessary, to convince others to carry out the decisions he makes. It is therefore clear that, whilst a clear vision and direction is important, what is more important both in gaining the role and completing it successfully is an ability to persuade and influence. The person who manages to influence others will do the better job, once in power it will help him get things done and in becoming President it will help him win. A further attribute that the American public will look for when selecting a Presidential candidate is a consistency of purpose. People want a President who will have courage to commit to their course of action and achieve the plans they lay out during the electoral process. However, again this may not be an attribute that delivers success once a candidate is in power and we often see very different expectations of the President. President George Bush can be cited as a prime example of this. George Bush was clear and strong in his plan to rid Iraq of Saddam Hussain, so much so that he took the United States to war. However, he later faced a great deal of criticism for his actions and many camps argue that he should have admitted he was wrong and should withdraw US troops from the US. His commitment to action was no longer valued. This paper is not intended to debate this point and pass judgment on George Bush’s actions but is using this example to show that the attributes that people may look for when selecting a President; consistency and relentless purpose may not always be what they expect once they are in power. An attribute that features heavily in people’s decision when selecting a President is realism, they like a family man whose values and emotions may seem to reflect their own. They want to feel that their President, as much as possible, has the same feelings and fears that they do and will thus act in a way that is in their interests. Whether appropriate or not, the past and present personal life of a Presidential candidate features heavily during the election process and people look for someone who has lived their life in a good and true manner. Whilst such attributes provide an indication of a person’s character and may be seen to represent the way in which they will behave once they are in power, they are not necessarily what people look for once their President are in power. They are more concerned with a person’s ability to cut themselves off emotionally from any decisions they make, distancing themselves from a situation in order to look at a bigger picture. The phrase â€Å"don’t mix business with pleasure† could not be more appropriate for a President in power. Once in the Whitehouse people consider the figurehead to be an American institution; he works for them. Personal life is no longer to be considered to be of relevance and, in many respects; they do not wish a President to show feelings as these can be construed as a weakness. Other commonly cited attributes that people discuss when they are asked what they look for in a President include honesty, integrity, leadership and intelligence. These types of attributes entail that the opinions people form of candidates prior to their election, and thus the benchmark against which they are judged once they are elected, can never be met; they are all extremely subjective values. A candidate who is elected as a new President, a replacement for the incumbent, will always be heralded as the next big thing. The nation will feel strong hope for the future of America and will truly believe that things will change for the better. However, the likelihood is that these expectations can never really be met. Time will change the position that the President occupies in people’s minds; what people perceive as good leadership now will almost certainly change over the course of the four years between elections. As such, these attributes cannot accurately be used as representations of how well a candidate will perform once in office. This paper has addressed a number of the common attributes that people cite as important within a Presidential candidate. Through exploring the difference between winning an election and actually running a country, the flawed nature of the factors upon which many votes are cast is revealed. Whilst people recognize they are voting for someone who will run their country, they rarely seem to consider the attributes that will be valued in this role, instead focusing on those required to get there. Fighting a Presidential campaign is very different from being a President. Along these lines more emphasis should be placed on attributes such as attention to military threats and needs, the economy and American interests, both at home and abroad. A Description of the Attributes a Presidential Candidate Should Have. (2016, Nov 01).

Exercise 6-1 Remote Power System Exercise Assignment

Exercise 6-1 Remote Power System Exercise - Assignment Example These two units are found at the first level and the breakdown of the units goes into the second and third levels. Moreover, there are other units such which are the core of the project and cannot be placed in the second or third level (Schwalbe 76). Level 2 is mainly made up of deliverables that are clearly tangible and recognizable. The other levels consist of activities and tasks that build up on the project. The remote control unit is used in controlling the Remote Power Motor System (RPM) through the use of different components. The major project milestones are put together in level two of the project. In the case of our project we put together the following sections: Training, Budget Control, Data Management and Project Management. These sections are must be implemented using a bottom up approach. The Project Manager is responsible for the control and overall supervision of the project (Haugan 61). Therefore, he/she is general in charge of project management which is placed at level 2 of the project. Other important services that should be placed at level 2 include data management, budget control and training. However, in our case we should concentrate on the two levels that are categorized into the Remote control and the Vehicle units. These two important levels control the remote power mower into moving and operating at optimal levels. The deliverables in this project are constituted of several important components. For instance, the remote control unit is made up of antenna, transmitter and the battery. While the Vehicle unit is made up of the receiver, console among other components. The assembly of all the components is done through various tasks. Some of the tasks that could be utilized in this project include system engineering, development test, operational test and evaluation (MiloÃ… ¡ević 82). The tasks make up important part of the project and all tasks

Multiculturism and Youth Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Multiculturism and Youth Development - Essay Example In addition, it has been observed that two deficits are commonly faced by youth which are more likely based on family and maternal education which plays an important role for them and it has been researched that mothers who are graduated have the least number of deficits. Another category of people are facing deficits like exPeriencing physical abuse and some Of them are likely victims of violence. Furthermore, one of the main reasons of such development growth is lack of material possessions or in other words poverty but poverty is not counted as a deficit because the research shows that interference of poverty in young people lives shows greater risk of adverse behaviors and insecure future. Risks of adverse behavior have become popular in different cultures which lead to disaffected and rebellious act. Most of the young people are experimenting unknown consequences of such acts by making up their permanent lifestyle. It is likely to be known as risky behavior because this indicate s that youth is on more serious and persecute path which can be unhealthy or dangerous for them such as depression which can leads to suicide or getting drunk. People of younger generation often indulge with others as well which can be high risk behavior pattern. One third of younger generation often indulge in none of such high risk behaviors where as females are fewer then males in young people category and they are often involved in multi risk taking patterns, minority of young people lives have become disastrous because of multiple risky patterns but as compared to the younger people, older people are reported more to be engaged in high risk behavior. However, these groups are divided into different types of communities and most of the times a group of young people in different community are not Getting engaged with high risk taking behavior. More importantly the average numbers of people who are not involved in this behavior of the most protect youth are also reported in such an act. People living in villages or farms and in country are least likely to experience problem in risk

Dream act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dream act - Essay Example Although much of the Dream Act is misunderstood, the fact of the matter is that these children of illegal immigrants must meet stringent requirements and comply with all of the criteria in order to be illegible for the type of amnesty the Act provides. When all the requirements of the Dream Act are met by the candidate, then the minor is given permission to stay in the country for 6 years; upon successful completion of such residence, the individual is then able to apply for citizenship. In this way, the Dream Act allows temporary residency only for minors who have good character. As a function of this, the Dream Act gives an opportunity to build the career of otherwise helpless children who have what many would term a very dark life perennially branded as â€Å"illegal† without the restitution that such an act provides. Due to this reason and many others, I wholeheartedly support this Act. Although one cannot blame certain segments of society for being very anti-illegal immigration (due in no small part to the fact that it is a clear abrogation of the nation’s immigration law), it is however summarily unfair to punish the children of these illegal immigrants with the same labels that condemn their parents to a life on the sidelines of American society. Due to the fact that the children who migrated along with their parents are innocent and helpless, the Act is able to make such a distinction and seek to close a necessary loophole and oversight of current immigration law as to make it more humane and reasonable. However, beyond just being reasonable, the Act allows for an entire generation of â€Å"American† youths to integrate and participate in the society that they have thus far known and accepted as their own. Even though the Dream Act attempts to specifically nurture the life of migrant youths, this could also motivate more illegal